It may look like a pale pink or brown discharge, whereas menstrual blood appears bright red. Both PMS and pregnancy can cause abdominal pain. People may also notice mild-to-moderate cramping in the lower abdomen.
During pregnancy, these cramps feel similar to premenstrual cramps , and they occur as the embryo grows and stretches the uterus. However, breast changes that occur due to pregnancy can persist throughout the pregnancy. Fatigue is a potential symptom of both PMS and early pregnancy. Fatigue during pregnancy might be due to elevated hormone levels.
An imbalance of the neurotransmitter serotonin may contribute to feelings of fatigue during PMS. These changes may affect some people more than others. Learn more about fatigue and periods here. Persistent feelings of sadness, apathy, or irritability that last longer than 2 weeks may indicate depression or another mood disorder. Dramatic mood changes that only occur before a period may be a sign of PMDD.
People may wish to see a healthcare professional if they have PMS symptoms that affect their daily life, if the symptoms occur outside of their period, or if they experience any sudden or dramatic changes to PMS or period symptoms. If a person expects to have a period, but it does not arrive, it is best to speak with a healthcare professional about the potential causes.
They may recommend a pregnancy test if someone could be pregnant or other tests if pregnancy is not the cause. Heavy bleeding and severe abdominal cramping can indicate pregnancy complications, such as pregnancy loss or ectopic pregnancy.
PMS symptoms start five to 11 days before menstruation and typically go away once menstruation begins. The cause of PMS is unknown. Levels of estrogen and progesterone increase during certain times of the month.
An increase in these hormones can cause mood swings , anxiety , and irritability. Ovarian steroids also modulate activity in parts of your brain associated with premenstrual symptoms. Serotonin levels affect mood. Serotonin is a chemical in your brain and gut that affects your moods, emotions, and thoughts. Ovulation, the period when an egg is released from the ovaries, occurs on day 14 of the cycle. Menstruation, or bleeding, occurs on day 28 of the cycle. PMS symptoms can begin around day 14 and last until seven days after the start of menstruation.
The symptoms of PMS are usually mild or moderate. Nearly 80 percent of women report one or more symptom that does not substantially affect daily functioning, according to the journal American Family Physician. Twenty to 32 percent of women report moderate to severe symptoms that affect some aspect of life. Three to 8 percent report PMDD. The severity of symptoms can vary by individual and by month.
The diagnosis is made when you have more than one recurrent symptom in the correct time frame that is severe enough to cause impairment and is absent between menses and ovulation. Your doctor must also rule out other causes, such as:. Epidemiology and pathogenesis of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
Accessed Dec. Kellerman RD, et al. In: Conn's Current Therapy: Philadelphia, Pa. Ferri FF. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor Accessed Sept. Management of premenstrual syndrome: Green-top guideline No. Casper RF, et al. Treatment of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysmorphic disorder. Natural medicines in the clinical management of premenstrual syndrome.
Natural Medicines. Vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 may help with PMS symptoms, including moodiness, irritability, forgetfulness, bloating, and anxiety. Vitamin B6 can be found in foods such as fish, poultry, potatoes, fruit except for citrus fruits , and fortified cereals. You can also take it as a dietary supplement. Studies have found mixed results for: Magnesium. If you get menstrual migraines , talk to your doctor about whether you need more magnesium.
You can also take a supplement. Polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 and omega Studies show that taking a supplement with 1 to 2 grams of polyunsaturated fatty acids may help reduce cramps and other PMS symptoms. What complementary or alternative medicines may help relieve PMS symptoms? Some herbal supplements women use to ease PMS symptoms include: Black cohosh.
Black cohosh is most often used to help treat menopausal symptoms, 29 and some women use it to help relieve PMS symptoms. Women taking hormonal birth control or hormone therapy for menopause symptoms should not take chasteberry.
Evening primrose oil. Some women report that the pill helps relieve PMS symptoms, but the research results are mixed. Did we answer your question about PMS? Sources Freeman, E. Dennerstein, L. Premenstrual symptoms—severity, duration and typology: an international cross-sectional study.
Menopause International ; — Winer, S. Premenstrual disorders: prevalence, etiology and impact. Journal of Reproductive Medicine ; 51 4 Suppl Global study of women's experiences of premenstrual symptoms and their effects on daily life.
Menopause International; 88— Steiner, M. Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: guidelines for management. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience; 25 5 : — Potter, J. Gollenberg, A. Endicott, J. Is premenstrual dysphoric disorder a distinct clinical entity? Richards, M. Premenstrual symptoms and perimenopausal depression. American Journal of Psychiatry; 1 : Bloch, M. Effects of gonadal steroids in women with a history of postpartum depression. American Journal of Psychiatry; 6 : Pinkerton, J.
Menstrual cycle-related exacerbation of disease. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology; 3 : American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Premenstrual Syndrome PMS. Dickerson, L.
0コメント