The ADA also establishes requirements for telecommunications relay services. Title IV , which is regulated by the Federal Communications Commission FCC , also requires closed captioning of federally funded public service announcements. While the U. In addition to the U. Department of Labor, several other federal agencies have a role in enforcing, or investigating claims involving, the ADA:. Two agencies within the U. Title I - Employment Helps people with disabilities access the same employment opportunities and benefits available to people without disabilities.
Applies to employers with 15 or more employees. Requires employers to provide reasonable accommodations to qualified applicants or employees. Defines disability, establishes guidelines for the reasonable accommodation process, and addresses medical examinations and inquiries. Regulated and enforced by the U. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Requires public entities to make their programs, services and activities accessible to individuals with disabilities. Outlines requirements for self-evaluation and planning; making reasonable modifications to policies, practices, and procedures where necessary to avoid discrimination; identifying architectural barriers; and communicating effectively with people with hearing, vision and speech disabilities.
Department of Justice. Sets the minimum standards for accessibility for alterations and new construction of commercial facilities and privately owned public accommodations. It also requires public accommodations to remove barriers in existing buildings where it is easy to do so without much difficulty or expense. Directs businesses to make "reasonable modifications" to their usual ways of doing things when serving people with disabilities. Requires that businesses take steps necessary to communicate effectively with customers with vision, hearing, and speech disabilities.
Title IV - Telecommunications Requires telephone and Internet companies to provide a nationwide system of interstate and intrastate telecommunications relay services that allows individuals with hearing or speech disabilities to communicate over the telephone. In addition, section of the CRA which is printed elsewhere in this publication amended the statutes by adding a new section following section 42 U. Cross references to the ADA as enacted appear in italics following each section heading.
Editor's notes also appear in italics. An Act to establish a clear and comprehensive prohibition of discrimination on the basis of disability. A a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities of such individual;.
C being regarded as having such an impairment as described in paragraph 3. For purposes of paragraph 1 , major life activities include, but are not limited to, caring for oneself, performing manual tasks, seeing, hearing, eating, sleeping, walking, standing, lifting, bending, speaking, breathing, learning, reading, concentrating, thinking, communicating, and working.
For purposes of paragraph 1 , a major life activity also includes the operation of a major bodily function, including but not limited to, functions of the immune system, normal cell growth, digestive, bowel, bladder, neurological, brain, respiratory, circulatory, endocrine, and reproductive functions. A An individual meets the requirement of "being regarded as having such an impairment" if the individual establishes that he or she has been subjected to an action prohibited under this chapter because of an actual or perceived physical or mental impairment whether or not the impairment limits or is perceived to limit a major life activity.
B Paragraph 1 C shall not apply to impairments that are transitory and minor. A transitory impairment is an impairment with an actual or expected duration of 6 months or less. The definition of "disability" in paragraph 1 shall be construed in accordance with the following:. A The definition of disability in this chapter shall be construed in favor of broad coverage of individuals under this chapter, to the maximum extent permitted by the terms of this chapter.
B The term "substantially limits" shall be interpreted consistently with the findings and purposes of the ADA Amendments Act of C An impairment that substantially limits one major life activity need not limit other major life activities in order to be considered a disability.
D An impairment that is episodic or in remission is a disability if it would substantially limit a major life activity when active.
E i The determination of whether an impairment substantially limits a major life activity shall be made without regard to the ameliorative effects of mitigating measures such as-. I medication, medical supplies, equipment, or appliances, low-vision devices which do not include ordinary eyeglasses or contact lenses , prosthetics including limbs and devices, hearing aids and cochlear implants or other implantable hearing devices, mobility devices, or oxygen therapy equipment and supplies;.
I the term "ordinary eyeglasses or contact lenses" means lenses that are intended to fully correct visual acuity or eliminate refractive error; and. II the term "low-vision devices" means devices that magnify, enhance, or otherwise augment a visual image. A qualified interpreters or other effective methods of making aurally delivered materials available to individuals with hearing impairments;. The purpose of the law is to make sure that people with disabilities have the same rights and opportunities as everyone else.
The ADA gives civil rights protections to individuals with disabilities similar to those provided to individuals on the basis of race, color, sex, national origin, age, and religion. It guarantees equal opportunity for individuals with disabilities in public accommodations, employment, transportation, state and local government services, and telecommunications.
The ADA is divided into five titles or sections that relate to different areas of public life. This title is designed to help people with disabilities access the same employment opportunities and benefits available to people without disabilities.
Employers must provide reasonable accommodations to qualified applicants or employees. A reasonable accommodation is any modification or adjustment to a job or the work environment that will enable an applicant or employee with a disability to participate in the application process or to perform essential job functions.
This portion of the law is regulated and enforced by the U. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Employers with 15 or more employees must comply with this law.
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